Understanding eczema

Explore the factors that influence eczema-prone skin and how gentle, consistent care can support comfort and hydration.

What is eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that causes the skin to become dry, itchy, red and sometimes cracked. It can appear anywhere on the body but is most often found on the hands, elbows, knees, neck and face.

Eczema is often long-term and can flare up periodically, with symptoms varying from mild to more severe. Although it can affect anyone, it’s especially common in children and those with a family history of allergies or asthma. Understanding what can trigger irritation and how to support the skin’s barrier can help make everyday care more manageable.

(Educational content inspired by publicly available dermatological resources such as the NHS and other skincare authorities.)

What influences eczema-prone skin

Eczema occurs when the skin’s natural barrier doesn’t work as effectively as it should, allowing moisture to escape and irritants to enter more easily. This can lead to dryness, sensitivity and inflammation.

Flare-ups can be influenced by a range of factors, including changes in weather, exposure to soaps or detergents, certain fabrics, stress and temperature fluctuations. Some people find that diet or environmental allergens, such as pollen or dust mites, can also contribute to irritation.

Because triggers differ from person to person, recognising and avoiding individual irritants can help reduce discomfort and maintain skin balance.

Visible signs you may notice on the skin

Eczema can present in several ways, and its appearance may change depending on severity. Common signs include:

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Dry, Flaky Skin

Areas that feel tight, rough or scaly.

Redness and Itching

Irritated patches that may feel warm or inflamed.

Cracking or Soreness

Skin that becomes broken or tender from dryness or scratching.

Small Raised Bumps

Tiny spots or blisters that may ooze or crust during flare-ups.

Thickened Skin

Areas that become tougher or darker from repeated irritation.

These symptoms can appear anywhere but are most common in areas that flex or experience friction, such as the inner elbows and behind the knees.

The connection betweeneczema and mental wellbeing

Living with eczema can affect both comfort and confidence, particularly when symptoms are visible or persistent. Itching and dryness can interrupt sleep, and flare-ups can sometimes lead to frustration or low mood.

Taking a gentle, consistent approach to skincare — and recognising when your skin needs extra care — can make a real difference. Stress is a common trigger for many people, so managing emotional wellbeing is often just as important as caring for the skin itself.

Every day habits that cansupport the skin barrier

Consistency and simplicity are key when caring for eczema-prone skin. Using mild, fragrance-free cleansers and avoiding long, hot showers can help prevent dryness. Gently patting the skin dry rather than rubbing helps protect the surface layer.

Regularly applying a hydrating, non-fragranced moisturiser helps maintain moisture and reinforce the skin’s barrier. Wearing soft, breathable fabrics such as cotton and washing clothes in gentle detergents can also help reduce irritation.

Lifestyle habits such as staying hydrated, maintaining a balanced diet, and finding time to rest and unwind can further support overall skin comfort and resilience.

Understanding hypochlorous

Hypochlorous (HOCl) is a naturally occurring molecule produced by the body’s immune system. In skincare, it’s recognised for being gentle, non-irritating and highly compatible with the skin’s natural balance.

It helps maintain clean, balanced skin and supports daily skin hygiene without disrupting the microbiome. Because it’s pH-balanced and well tolerated, hypochlorous is often chosen by those with sensitive or blemish-prone skin who prefer products that respect the skin’s natural defences.

(Educational content inspired by publicly available dermatological resources.)

When to speakto a professional

If your eczema is persistent, painful, or affecting your quality of life, it’s a good idea to speak to a GP or dermatologist. They can help identify your eczema type, potential triggers, and appropriate care options.

You should also seek advice if the skin becomes cracked, oozes fluid, or shows signs of infection such as increased redness or swelling. Professional support can help you manage flare-ups and keep your skin as comfortable as possible.

Building confidencein your skin

Eczema is common and manageable, and flare-ups don’t define your skin’s health or beauty. With patience, understanding, and consistent care, many people find ways to reduce irritation and keep their skin comfortable.

Healthy skin isn’t about perfection — it’s about feeling confident, supported and at ease in your own skin.

Myths and Misconceptions about eczema

Eczema is sometimes misunderstood as simply “dry skin,” but it’s more complex than that — it involves a weakened skin barrier and a tendency toward inflammation. It isn’t contagious and doesn’t result from poor hygiene.

It’s also a myth that moisturisers can “block” the skin from healing; in fact, regular hydration helps restore the barrier and reduce dryness. Similarly, while flare-ups can be frustrating, harsh or perfumed products rarely help and may make irritation worse.

Understanding the facts can help you take a calmer, more effective approach to your skin.

Common eczema concerns and solutions

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. It often appears on the hands, elbows, knees, neck, or face. If your skin feels rough, tight, or becomes red and flaky, it may be eczema. A GP or dermatologist can confirm this.

Flare-ups can be caused by dry weather, hot showers, soaps or detergents, stress, certain fabrics, or contact with allergens like pollen or dust. Identifying your personal triggers and keeping the skin hydrated helps reduce irritation over time.

Keep the skin moisturised with a gentle, fragrance-free cream, and avoid long, hot showers that dry the skin. Choose soft fabrics such as cotton, use mild detergents, and protect your skin from temperature extremes. Consistency is key to maintaining comfort.

Yes — emotional stress is a common trigger. When the body releases stress hormones, inflammation can increase, leading to flare-ups. Practising relaxation techniques, maintaining good sleep, and taking time for rest can all support calmer skin.

Eczema is a type of dermatitis, but not all dermatitis is eczema. “Dermatitis” is a broader term for skin inflammation, while eczema usually refers to dry, itchy patches caused by a sensitive or over-reactive skin barrier.

Diet affects everyone differently. Some people find that certain foods — such as dairy, eggs, or highly processed items — can trigger flare-ups. Keeping a food diary and maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet can support overall skin health.

Look for fragrance-free, hypoallergenic, and pH-balanced products designed to restore moisture and support the skin barrier. Avoid harsh exfoliants, alcohol-based toners, and heavily fragranced formulas that can worsen dryness or sensitivity.

Have more questions? Visit our FAQ page to find out more.

Understanding eczema

What is eczema?

What influences eczema-prone skin